Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissueto study disease symptoms. Cytopathology is the study cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease. Cells related to the diseases are examined and analysed to diagnose medical conditions.

Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology. It studies microscopic organisms, either unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells).

Endocrinology is the study of hormones and endocrine glands and organs. Hormone-secreting glands and certain organs in your body make up your endocrine system. Serology is the study of blood serum (the clear fluid that separates when blood clots), the identification of antibodies in the serum.

A branch of pathology that deals with the biochemical basis of disease, including the measurement of biochemical markers such as serum electrolytes, liver function indices, hormones, drugs, and tumor markers.

Hematology is the study of blood in health and disease. This includes examination of red bloodcells, white blood cells, platelets, blood vessels, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and proteins involved in bleeding and clotting (hemostasis and thrombosis).